Chapter 23 Key Terms
- Adaptive functioning
- person’s ability to conduct their activities of daily living through communication and independent living
- Asperger syndrome
- disorder that has been reclassified as under ASD and has no requirement for onset by age three or language delay, and no criteria for communication or cognitive deficit
- Attention-deficit disorder (ADD)
- disorder involving distractibility and difficulties with mental focus and working memory
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood that involves difficulty paying attention, difficulty controlling impulsive behaviors, or excessive activity
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- developmental disorder of the brain that causes impairment in behavior, communication, interaction with others, and learning
- Child-onset fluency disorder
- chronic stuttering that persists into adulthood
- Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)
- rare, severe form of autism with a late onset
- Communication disorder
- persistent difficulty with language and/or speech
- Conceptual domain
- includes a person’s abilities in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory
- Conduct disorder (CD)
- diagnosed when a child shows an ongoing pattern of aggression toward others with serious violations of rules and social norms at home, at school, and with peers
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
- disorder in which children experience chronic, intense angry outbursts
- Down syndrome
- intellectual disability where a baby is born with an extra chromosome 21
- Dyscalculia
- intellectual disability that affects the area of the brain that handles math and number-related skills and understanding
- Dysgraphia
- intellectual disability having distorted writing even with instruction and intact motor ability
- Dyslexia
- most common learning disability, affects a person’s ability to read as it causes problems with phonological processing
- Emotional dysregulation
- inability to control emotions, can result in mood swings, angry outbursts, and losing temper
- Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
- most serious of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and often features problems with the central nervous system, facial features, growth, learning disabilities, vision or hearing problems, and difficulty in school
- Fragile X syndrome
- genetic disorder that involves the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene responsible for producing a protein that helps brain development
- Impulsive
- describes the behavior associated with ADHD that involves interrupting others, grabbing things from other people, or speaking at inappropriate times
- Inattentive
- describes the behavior associated with ADHD that involves difficulty for individual to organize or finish a task, pay attention to details, or follow instructions or conversations
- Intellectual developmental disorder
- child is not meeting age-appropriate developmental guidelines for speech, language, socialization, motor skills, and behavior
- Intellectual disability
- preferred term for intellectual functioning that falls below an IQ of 70 and starts before age eighteen
- Intellectual functioning
- way a person learns and problem-solves
- Language disorder
- difficulty learning spoken, written, or signed language
- Learning disorder
- occurs when a person has a difficult time in an area of learning, but it is not related to motivation or IQ level, emotional problems, cultural differences, or level of disadvantage
- Motor disorders
- group of disorders that begin in the developmental years and cause delays in children reaching motor milestones
- Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- behavioral condition in which the child has symptoms of being uncooperative, defiant, and may be hostile toward people in authority
- Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
- disorder reclassified as under ASD and was formerly used when the child did not meet all the criteria for autism
- Practical domain
- considers the individual’s ability to act independently in their personal care, job role, school and work tasks, and money management
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- abnormality in the fifteenth chromosome that results in a neurobiological disorder that affects metabolism and behavior
- Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors
- unusual behaviors, such as hand flapping, body rocking, repeating words, and placing toys in the same order
- Rett syndrome
- disorder that affects mostly girls and often displays symptoms that are similar to autism
- Social communication disorder
- disorder in which a person has difficulty using verbal and nonverbal communication within a social situation
- Social domain
- considers the individual’s ability to make friends and have relationships with others
- Speech sound disorder
- inability to articulate words or sounds in order to communicate with others
- Tic disorder
- disorder that causes a person to uncontrollably twitch, move, or make sounds
- Tourette syndrome
- disorder that is diagnosed with the presence of two or more motor tics and at least one vocal tic that have lasted for at least a year, began before age eighteen, and are not due to another medical condition
person’s ability to conduct their activities of daily living through communication and independent living
disorder that has been reclassified as under ASD and has no requirement for onset by age three or language delay, and no criteria for communication or cognitive deficit
disorder involving distractibility and difficulties with mental focus and working memory
disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood that involves difficulty paying attention, difficulty controlling impulsive behaviors, or excessive activity
developmental disorder of the brain that causes impairment in behavior, communication, interaction with others, and learning
chronic stuttering that persists into adulthood
rare, severe form of autism with a late onset
persistent difficulty with language and/or speech
includes a person’s abilities in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory
diagnosed when a child shows an ongoing pattern of aggression toward others with serious violations of rules and social norms at home, at school, and with peers
disorder in which children experience chronic, intense angry outbursts
intellectual disability where a baby is born with an extra chromosome 21
intellectual disability where a baby is born with an extra chromosome 21
having distorted writing even with instruction and intact motor ability
most common learning disability, affects a person’s ability to read as it causes problems with phonological processing
inability to manage or appropriately express emotions
most serious of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and often features problems with the central nervous system, facial features, growth, learning disabilities, vision or hearing problems, and difficulty in school
genetic disorder that involves the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene responsible for producing a protein that helps brain development
describes the behavior associated with ADHD that involves interrupting others, grabbing things from other people, or speaking at inappropriate times
describes the behavior associated with ADHD that involves difficulty for individual to organize or finish a task, pay attention to details, or follow instructions or conversations
child is not meeting age-appropriate developmental guidelines for speech, language, socialization, motor skills, and behavior
preferred term for intellectual functioning that falls below an IQ of 70 and starts before age eighteen
way a person learns and problem-solves
difficulty learning spoken, written, or signed language
occurs when a person has a difficult time in an area of learning, but it is not related to motivation or IQ level, emotional problems, cultural differences, or level of disadvantage
group of disorders that begin in the developmental years and cause delays in children reaching motor milestones
behavioral condition in which the child has symptoms of being uncooperative, defiant, and may be hostile toward people in authority
disorder reclassified as under ASD and was formerly used when the child did not meet all the criteria for autism
considers the individual’s ability to act independently in their personal care, job role, school and work tasks, and money management
abnormality in the fifteenth chromosome that results in a neurobiological disorder that affects metabolism and behavior
unusual behaviors, such as hand flapping, body rocking, repeating words, and placing toys in the same order
disorder that affects mostly girls and often displays symptoms that are similar to autism
disorder in which a person has difficulty using verbal and nonverbal communication within a social situation
communicative contexts which influence and are influenced by the structure of such contexts, whether social, institutional, power-aligned.
inability to articulate words or sounds in order to communicate with others
disorder that causes a person to uncontrollably twitch, move, or make sounds
disorder that is diagnosed with the presence of two or more motor tics and at least one vocal tic that have lasted for at least a year, began before age eighteen, and are not due to another medical condition
